減小伺服電機啟動電流的5個方法

常見減小伺服電機啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流的啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)方法(fa)有直接啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)，串電(dian)(dian)阻啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)，自藕(ou)變壓器啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)，星(xing)三角減壓啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)及變頻器啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)的方法(fa)來減小對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網的影響。下面(mian)華(hua)科(ke)星(xing)電(dian)(dian)氣為大姐介紹減小伺服電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機啟(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流的5個方法(fa)。

1、直接(jie)啟動

直接啟動就是將伺服電機的定子繞組直接(jie)接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)源，在額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓下起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)，具有起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)轉矩大(da)、起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)時間短的特點(dian)，也是最簡單、最經濟和(he)最可靠的起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)方式。全壓起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)時電(dian)(dian)流大(da)，而起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)轉矩不大(da)，操作(zuo)方便，起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)迅速(su)，但是這種(zhong)啟動(dong)方式對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網容量和(he)負載要求比較大(da)，主要適用于1W以下的伺服電(dian)(dian)機(ji)啟動(dong)。

2、串電阻啟動

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)串電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻啟(qi)動，也(ye)就是降壓啟(qi)動的(de)(de)一(yi)種方法。在(zai)啟(qi)動過程中，在(zai)定子(zi)繞組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過時(shi)，就在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻上產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降，減(jian)少了加在(zai)定子(zi)繞組上面的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，這樣就可以(yi)達到(dao)減(jian)小啟(qi)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)目(mu)的(de)(de)。

3、自藕(ou)變壓器啟動

利用自(zi)耦變壓(ya)器的(de)(de)多抽(chou)(chou)(chou)頭減(jian)壓(ya)，既能適應不同負載起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)需要，又(you)能得到更大(da)的(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)矩，是(shi)一種(zhong)經(jing)常被(bei)用來起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)較大(da)容(rong)量伺服電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)減(jian)壓(ya)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式(shi)。它的(de)(de)最大(da)優點是(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)矩較大(da)，當其繞組抽(chou)(chou)(chou)頭在(zai)80%處時，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)矩可(ke)達直(zhi)接起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時的(de)(de)64%，并且可(ke)以通過抽(chou)(chou)(chou)頭調節起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)矩。

4、星三角減壓啟動

對(dui)于正常運(yun)行的(de)定(ding)子繞組為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)角(jiao)形(xing)接(jie)(jie)法的(de)鼠籠式(shi)(shi)(shi)異步伺服電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)來說(shuo)，如果在(zai)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)將定(ding)子繞組接(jie)(jie)成(cheng)星(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)，待起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)完畢后再接(jie)(jie)成(cheng)三(san)(san)角(jiao)形(xing)，就(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，減(jian)輕(qing)(qing)它對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)沖擊。這(zhe)樣的(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)稱為(wei)(wei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)角(jiao)減(jian)壓起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，或簡稱為(wei)(wei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)角(jiao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(y-&起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong))。采用星(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)角(jiao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)只是原來按(an)三(san)(san)角(jiao)形(xing)接(jie)(jie)法直接(jie)(jie)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)1/3。在(zai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)角(jiao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)才2-2.3倍。這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)是說(shuo)采用星(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)角(jiao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)轉矩(ju)也降(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)(wei)原來按(an)三(san)(san)角(jiao)形(xing)接(jie)(jie)法直接(jie)(jie)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)1/3。適(shi)用于無載(zai)或者輕(qing)(qing)載(zai)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)場合。并且同(tong)任何別的(de)減(jian)壓起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)相比較，其結構最簡單，價格(ge)也最便宜(yi)。除此之外，星(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)(san)角(jiao)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方式(shi)(shi)(shi)還有一個優(you)點，即(ji)當負載(zai)較輕(qing)(qing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可以(yi)(yi)讓伺服電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)星(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)接(jie)(jie)法下運(yun)行。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)，額定(ding)轉矩(ju)與負載(zai)可以(yi)(yi)匹(pi)配，這(zhe)樣能(neng)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)效率有所提高，并因(yin)之節約了電(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)耗。

5、變(bian)頻器啟動

變頻器是現代伺服電機控(kong)(kong)制領(ling)(ling)域技(ji)(ji)術含量最(zui)高(gao)，控(kong)(kong)制功(gong)能(neng)最(zui)全、控(kong)(kong)制效(xiao)果最(zui)好的(de)伺服電機控(kong)(kong)制裝(zhuang)置，它通過改變(bian)電網的(de)頻率來調(diao)節伺服電動機的(de)轉速(su)(su)(su)和轉矩。因為涉(she)及到電力(li)電子技(ji)(ji)術，微機技(ji)(ji)術，因此成本高(gao)，對(dui)維護技(ji)(ji)術人員的(de)要(yao)求也高(gao)，因此主要(yao)用在需要(yao)調(diao)速(su)(su)(su)并且對(dui)速(su)(su)(su)度控(kong)(kong)制要(yao)求高(gao)的(de)領(ling)(ling)域。

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