酒店工程之交流伺服驅動器原理及原理圖

        交流伺服驅動器原理

        伺(si)服電(dian)(dian)機(ji)內部的轉子(zi)是永磁鐵，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)控制(zhi)的U/V/W 三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)磁場，轉子(zi)在此磁場的作(zuo)用下(xia)轉動(dong)(dong)，同時電(dian)(dian)機(ji)自帶的編(bian)碼器(qi)(qi)反饋信號給驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)根據反饋值(zhi)與目標值(zhi)進行比(bi)較(jiao)，調整轉子(zi)轉動(dong)(dong)的角度。伺(si)服電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的精(jing)度決(jue)定于編(bian)碼器(qi)(qi)的精(jing)度（線數）。

交流伺服電動機定子的構造基本上與電容分相式單相異步電動機相似，如圖1 所示。其定子上裝有兩個位置互差90°的繞組，一個是勵磁繞組Rf，它始終接在交流電壓Uf 上；另一個是控制繞組L，聯接控制信號電壓Uc。所以交流伺服驅動器又稱兩個伺服電動機(ji)。

交流(liu)伺(si)(si)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)通常(chang)做成(cheng)鼠籠(long)(long)式(shi)(shi)，但為了使(shi)伺(si)(si)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)具有(you)較寬的調(diao)速(su)范圍、線(xian)性(xing)的機(ji)械特(te)(te)性(xing)，無“自轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)”現象和快速(su)響(xiang)應(ying)(ying)的性(xing)能，它與普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)相比，應(ying)(ying)具有(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻大和轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)慣量小(xiao)(xiao)這(zhe)兩個(ge)特(te)(te)點。目(mu)前應(ying)(ying)用較多(duo)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)結構(gou)有(you)兩種形(xing)式(shi)(shi)：一種是(shi)采用高電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率的導電(dian)(dian)(dian)材料(liao)做成(cheng)的高電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率導條的鼠籠(long)(long)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，為了減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)慣量，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)做得細長(chang)；另一種是(shi)采用鋁合(he)金制成(cheng)的空(kong)心(xin)杯形(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，杯壁很(hen)(hen)薄，僅0.2-0.3mm，為了減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)磁路(lu)的磁阻，要在空(kong)心(xin)杯形(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)內放置固定的內定子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，如圖2 所示。空(kong)心(xin)杯形(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)慣量很(hen)(hen)小(xiao)(xiao)，反應(ying)(ying)迅速(su)，而且運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)平穩，因此被(bei)廣泛采用。

圖1 交(jiao)流伺服電動(dong)機原(yuan)理圖

圖2 空心(xin)杯(bei)形轉子伺服電(dian)動機(ji)結構

        交流伺服驅動器在沒有控(kong)制電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時，定(ding)子內只有勵磁(ci)繞組產生的(de)脈動磁(ci)場(chang)，轉(zhuan)子靜止(zhi)不(bu)動。當有控(kong)制電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時，定(ding)子內便產生一個(ge)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁(ci)場(chang)，轉(zhuan)子沿旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁(ci)場(chang)的(de)方向旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)，在負載恒定(ding)的(de)情況下(xia)，電動機的(de)轉(zhuan)速隨(sui)控(kong)制電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)大小而變化，當控(kong)制電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)相(xiang)位相(xiang)反時，伺(si)服電機將反轉(zhuan)。

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